miércoles, 29 de marzo de 2017

Petroleum Engineer all you need to know

Petroleum engineering is the part of engineering that combines scientific and practical methods oriented to the development of techniques to discover, exploit, develop, transport, process and treat hydrocarbons from their natural state, in the reservoir, to final products or derivatives. The oil industry is make up of multidisciplinary teams that work together to find and produce the trapped hydrocarbon in the subsoil. This happens due to the great number of problems and phenomena that develop both in the deposit and in the surface. The oil engineer has the ability to interpret the data received from geologists, geologists, geophysicists, chemists and physicists, and to develop optimal methods for the development of the reservoirs, making use of all the new technologies available to them. The exploration task comprises all hydrocarbon search activities. Geologists fundamentally develop it through the application of geophysical prospecting methods and the development of maps of surface and subsoil, in order to infer about the configuration of the subsoil strata and their composition, which can provide clues about the Existence of favorable environments for the accumulation of oil or natural gas.
The data provided by geologists are then analyzed by oil engineers, who interpret and "translate" the data they receive, and can order the drilling of stratigraphic surveys, the purpose of which is to take samples of the subsoil, which will be analyzed in laboratories of physics of rocks, and to carry out records with electrical, acoustic or nuclear methods, which will be equally interpreted by the Petroleum Engineers specialists in the discipline of interpretation of profiles.
The engineering of deposits is one of the most important parts in the Petroleum engineering, since it is the nexus between the reservoir of oil or gas and the systems of surface production.
The reservoir engineer is responsible for interpreting the results of the exploration, studying the properties of the reservoir rock, and planning the production or extraction of its fluids. Under its responsibility is the development of optimal exploitation practices for each hydrocarbon system.
The drilling of an oil well can be carried out in 3 ways, vertical or conventional drilling, consisting of maintaining the hydrostatic pressure of the control fluid column above the forming pressure, there is the under-balance perforation, in which the forming pressure is greater than the pressure of the hydrostatic column and finally the directional perforation, which is currently being used more frequently.

Which consists of special tools to make deviations and thus direct the string to the field, until obtaining a horizontal drilling. They are in charge of the final stage in the exploitation of the hydrocarbons, which is the conversion of these into commercial products of common use, which Include fuels, medicines, clothing, and cosmetics, among others. This is make by subjecting crude oil to chemical processes in refineries or petrochemical plants. The petroleum engineer develops new or improved methods for the initial treatment and refining of petroleum, designs and supervises the construction, assembly, start-up and operation of the refinery (refineries are usually hire under the name of process engineers, which also happens with the chemical engineers).
If you have any doubts check this references:
http://www.une.edu.mx/index.php/profesional/area-deIPN-ciencias-quimicobiologicas/ingenieria-petrolera
http://www.ipn.mx/educacionsuperior/Paginas/Ing-Petro.aspxIPN





miércoles, 25 de enero de 2017

Inventions of Manuel González Flores


Manuel González Flores was born in Tecajete, Hidalgo on 1908. He obtained his degree in Civil Engineering on the National School of Engineering of Mexico. Being still a student, he worked on the Sanitation Office of the Federal District Department. On 1929, he was a founding partner, and started to work as a contractor on de Company CONSTRUCTIONS CYR, S.A.
       Manuel González was a consulting engineer for the foundation, and a contractor of concret slabs on the Secretariat of Hydraulic Resources building, in Mexico City. He acted as technical director in construction of the building of General Electric.


  

On 1945, he devised and developed the system "Descimbrar Cimbrando", with which more than 20 buildings were built since then. He verified that the system is very fast in its execution, with the additional advantage of demonstrating that it is a clean solution, which saves a high percentage of wood and building material. This system was patent in other countries and has been use in remote places like Egypt, which gave Engineer Manuel González Flores great prestige, as well as Mexican engineering. This innovation was widely publicized in technical journals from different countries, in several languages and through various published articles.

       In addition, he invented the “Control Pile”, which serves to cement or re-establish buildings on terrains as heterogeneous and deformable as that of Mexico City. Buildings based on "pointed piles", supported by the hard layer, are excessively overloaded proportionally to certain limits, by the volume of clay that surrounds them, pushing them more than others, especially on the edges and corners of buildings. In addition, they force the buildings to stand out above the sidewalks and gardens.
       He also devised a system called "Earthquake", or "earthquake-free system". This device consists of two circular plates of the greatest hardness, each with a mirror-finished surface, 19 mm thick. The lower plate is attached to the foundation on its smooth and hard face, perfectly horizontal and upwards. On that surface is a certain number of balls, spheres of hard steel, free to move, holding them together by a ring of steel that surrounds them. Thanks to the inertia of the building, the device effectively isolates its horizontal movements to the foundation of the superstructure.
       His concern for the social was another of its characteristics. He devised an audio-visual and self-taught literacy booklet in more than 90%. With it, they had been literate in 60 one-hour classes, to more than 500,000 people between 1970 and 1973. This system has been widely used in Colombia.
       His invention influenced modern life because thanks to it now exists a technique to keep buildings or monuments out of danger during an earthquake, as well as prevent damage to its structure and thus save hundreds of lives.

      I chose him because his invention is one of the most practical that exist to renovate the buildings or houses, having the minimum risk of having a collapse. In addition, I was interested that he also invented the literacy booklet to literate hundreds of people, because in addition to thinking only in saving buildings and houses, he worried about the education of the people.
   
If you want to learn more about Manuel González Flores, check the link below:
http://www.smig.org.mx/acerca-de/semblanza-ing-manuel-gonzalez-flores/semblanza-ing-manuel-gonzalez-flores.php